全民大规模新冠检测方案的一些想法
今天吃饭的时候和同事聊起最近上海深圳等超大城市全民新冠检测的问题。我认为现有方案有极大的改进空间。
千万级的全民检测,需要动用的资源是非常可观的,如果我们能优化这个过程,收益也会极其可观。现有的集体检测已经是相对独立个体分别检测做过优化了:通常是很多人放在一起混检,这样减少了检测成本。但我认为这是远远不够的。
现在自测盒的成本已经很低,至少一个自测盒的零售价格远低于我自己去医院做一次检测。所以我认为,如果全民自测的话,单从检测成本上来说,可能也是划算的。而且,对于群体检测,完全可以全家用同一个检测盒,这样如果是阳性,家庭成员就算没有全部感染,也最少是个密接。这比社区混检有效很多。
至于自测盒可能准确度不高的问题,完全可以自行多次自测来弥补。而目前采取的社区集体混检的形式,反而造成了人群密集,增加了病毒传染的风险。
但是,在千万级人口的城市中全民自测,显然结果是不可信的,这是我下面想谈的主要问题:如何设计一个方案,即降低了全民检测的成本,又能保持结果的可信度。即:如果有人自测发现自己阳性(或干脆不想自测),因为恐惧隔离而瞒报的问题。
我认为,当上千万人口中感染者其实不多,大多数社区中并无感染者时,最要紧的是快速排除掉无感染的社区。所以,加入自测环节,不是期盼人们自觉上报感染,而是用自测环节排除掉无感染社区,从而降低整体的成本。
- 以小区为单位,每个家庭每天发一个自测盒,全家共用一个居家自测,连续测试多天。
- 若自测发现阳性,鼓励主动上报。每个小区首先主动上报阳性的若干家庭,可以享受高标准隔离,例如,可以安排在高档酒店单独隔离。如果高标准隔离场所资源有限,后续自主上报者,也可以获得额外的物质奖励。
- 若整个小区无一例阳性上报,则不再对该小区做额外处置。
- 若小区至少有一例上报,则退化回原有的社区混检方案。在这个检测中再次发现的额外感染者(无主动上报),去集体方舱隔离。
注意,在这个方案中,并不信任自测主动上报阳性的个例,只是用来触发小区混检的启动。即,用来排除无风险小区,而不是用来找到具体感染者。但是,主动上报是有好处的(享受更好的隔离条件),而隐瞒不报或干脆不测是有风险的(在条件较差的地方隔离)。
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